Sulzer recently released its performance report for the first three quarters of 2022. The data showed that the order volume in the first three quarters increased significantly (organic growth of 10.0%) compared to the same period last year, reaching 2,586.2 billion francs (19.5 billion yuan). Orders for the third quarter increased 8.0 percent (on a currency-adjusted basis) and 8.3 percent organically compared to the same period last year, driven by continued strong growth in the energy and industrial segment of the fluid equipment business, as well as the renewable energy and water segment of the chemical technology business.

Orders for the fluid equipment business grew 12.1% on a currency-adjusted basis to 1.07051 billion francs (RMB8.1 billion) in the first three quarters and 8.6% in the third quarter, with all three segments contributing to the growth. In terms of order volume, the water sector is currently the largest piece of the fluid equipment business line, up 6 per cent in currency adjusted terms, driven by the municipal sewage market. The industrials and energy sectors did well, up 12.9 per cent and 19.7 per cent respectively (adjusted for currency). Increased bidding activity and continued order selectivity drove earnings growth.

Orders for the services business rose 2.8 percent on a currency-adjusted basis to 894 million francs (6.7 billion yuan), compared with 3.1 percent growth in the third quarter. Sulzer's decision to withdraw from the Russian market has hurt order growth.

The chemical technology business continued its strong growth in the first nine months, up 19.3% on a currency-adjusted basis to 621.6m francs (4.7 billion yuan), while its renewable energy business saw strong growth, up 40.2% on a currency-adjusted basis.

New president of fluid equipment business

Sulzer's board of directors is pleased to announce that it will assume the role of head of the fluid equipment business effective January 1, 2023. Jan has a rich track record of success in international operations -- he has been CEO of ThyssenKrupp Mining Technologies since 2019 and has successfully turned the business from loss to profit.

2022 outlook

Despite the uncertainties and challenges in the global economy, Sulzer expects its market to maintain strong growth. Sulzer raised its guidance for order growth to 6-8% from 3-5% previously. Sales are now expected to remain flat compared to FY2021 (up 2-4% previously, excluding the impact of Russia's exit), with some 2022 sales calculations likely to be deferred to 2023 due to China controls, some component shortages and project delays. Operating margins of close to 10 per cent were confirmed.

Related Products：Rotary stainless steel gear pump | Gear Pumps

Sulzer releases results for the first three quarters of 2022最先出现在Pumps & Couplings。

Mechanical seal is also known as end seal. It has a pair of end faces perpendicular to the axis of rotation. Under the action of fluid pressure and compensatory mechanical external elastic force, the auxiliary seal relies on the other end to keep fit, and relative sliding, so as to prevent fluid leakage.

Mechanical seal leakage fault is one of the most prone to failure in pump failure, so the water pump mechanical seal also belong to the water pump is one of the key parts in the component, model selection of the water pump mechanical seal material must be appropriate to the user conveying liquid medium, usually gear pump factory are the fluorine rubber mechanical seal, mechanical seal some manufacturer is nitrile butadiene rubber If the corrosion is more serious have to choose the mechanical seal of PTFE material.

Pump mechanical seal damage how to do?

The solution:

1. The first possibility of water leakage in the mechanical seal is the wear of the moving and static ring plane of the machine seal. There are six reasons for the plane wear of the dynamic and static ring of the machine seal:
2. The installation is too tight. Observe the dynamic and static ring plane of the mechanical seal. If there is serious scorching phenomenon, plane blackening and deep marks, sealing rubber becomes hard and loses elasticity. This phenomenon is caused by too tight installation. Solution: adjust the installation height, after the installation of the impeller, pull the spring with a screwdriver, the spring has a strong tension, release that is reset, there is a 2-4mm moving distance can be.
3. The installation is too loose. Observe the machine sealing and static ring plane, its surface has a very thin layer of scale, can be wiped off, the surface is basically no wear, this is caused by the spring loss of elasticity and poor assembly, or the motor axial movement caused by.
4. Water contains particles. Due to the poor water quality, containing small particles and high content of carbonate salt in the medium, the formation of abrasive wear machine seal plane or strain surface grooves, ring grooves and other phenomena. Treatment method: improve the water pressure or medium, change the machine seal.
5. Dry wear damage caused by water shortage operation. This phenomenon is more commonly seen in the negative pressure at the inlet of the bottom valve installation form, the inlet pipe has air, the air in the pump chamber, after the pump is started, the friction of the machine seal produces high temperature when running at high speed, can not be cooled, check the machine seal, the spring tension is normal, the friction surface is burnt black, and the rubber becomes hard and cracked. Treatment: exhaust the air in the channel and pump chamber, replace the mechanical seal.
6. Cavitation erosion. Cavitation mainly occurs in hot oil pump. Because the medium is hot oil, the oil temperature is too high to produce steam, the vapor body in the pipeline into the pump cavity height, this part of the vapor body can not be excluded, resulting in water shortage operation, machine seal dry wear failure, cavitation automatic exhaust valve, replacement machine seal.

Pump mechanical seal damage how to do?最先出现在Pumps & Couplings。

(1) Definition of gear pump
Gear pump is an energy conversion device that converts the mechanical energy of the prime mover into the pressure energy of the hydraulic oil through the meshing of the gears.

(2) gear pump classification
External and internal meshing.

(3) Model of gear pump.
KCB , RCB , YCB/NYP

II: Structure of the external gear pump

External gear pump is mainly composed of the pump body, the meshing gear pair, the driving shaft, the driven shaft and the end cover of both ends.

Driving shaft extends out of the pump body, generally driven by the external motor rotation.

III: Working principle of the external gear pump

Three conditions for the work of hydraulic external stainless steel gear pump:
1: one or more closed working Spaces;
2: the confined working space can change periodically;
3: There is a flow distribution device coordinated with the confined space.
4: Gear separation, volume increases, vacuum and oil absorption.
5: gear meshing, volume is reduced, the oil is squeezed and pressed oil.
6: The meshing point moves along the meshing line to separate the two and play the role of flow distribution.

Structural characteristics of external gear pump

1. Is the displacement adjustable? (Can variable output flow be easily obtained?)
2. Can you work both ways? (Can bidirectional flow direction be easily obtained?)
3. How large is the flow pulsation? (Can you get a steady output flow?)
4. Is the radial force of the input shaft balanced? Can you work under high pressure?

Size of the flow pulsation

Flow pulsation of external gear pump is the largest, the more gear, the smaller the flow pulsation.

Whether the radial force of the input shaft is balanced

The radial force imbalance directly affects the further improvement of the working pressure, the external gear pump is generally low pressure hydraulic pump, the size of the rated pressure of the gear pump is small.

Structure and working principle of external gear pump最先出现在Pumps & Couplings。

1. Pump is mainly used to transport water, oil, acid and alkali liquid, emulsion, suspension emulsion and liquid metal and other liquids, gear pump can also transport liquid, gas mixture and liquid containing suspended solids.
2. Pumps can usually be divided into positive displacement pumps, power pumps and other types of pumps according to the working principle.
   Submersible pumps in addition to the working principle of classification, but also according to other methods of classification and naming.
   For example, according to the driving method can be divided into electric pump and hydraulic pump; According to the structure can be divided into single stage pump and multistage pump; According to the use can be divided into boiler feed water pump and metering pump; According to the nature of the liquid can be divided into water pumps, oil pumps and mud pumps.
3. There is a certain interdependence between the various performance parameters of the pump, can be drawn into a curve to represent, called the characteristic curve of the pump, each pump has its own specific characteristic curve. Pump is to transport liquid or pressurized liquid machinery. It will prime mover mechanical energy or other external energy to the liquid, so that the liquid energy increases.

Definitions and historical sources of pumps

A machine for conveying or pressurizing liquids. In the broad sense of the pump is the transmission of fluid or pressurized machinery, including some of the transmission of gas machinery. Pump prime mover mechanical energy or other energy to the liquid, so that the liquid energy increase.

The ascension of water is essential to human life and production. Ancient for various water apparatus, such as Egypt's chain pump (17th century), China's shadoof (17th century), jigger (11th century), the water wheel (the 1st century AD), as well as the invention of the third century BC in ancient Greece Archimedes screw, etc.

Around 200 BC, the ancient Greek craftsman Ktesibius invented the most primitive piston pump - fire pump. As early as 1588, there was a record of a 4-vane vane pump, followed by a variety of other rotary pumps. In 1689, French D. Papin invented the volute centrifugal pump with 4 blade impeller. In 1818, the United States appeared with radial straight blades, half open double suction impeller and volute centrifugal pump.

1840-1850, THE United States H.R. Worthington invented the pump cylinder and steam cylinder opposed to the direct action of the steam piston pump, marking the formation of modern piston pump.

From 1851 to 1875, multistage magnetic drive pumps with guide vanes were invented successively, making it possible to develop high-lift centrifugal pumps. Subsequently, various pumps came out one after another. With the application of various advanced technologies, the efficiency of the pump is gradually improved, and the range of performance and application are also increasingly expanded.

Three, the classification of pumps

There are many kinds of pumps, which can be divided into:

(1) power pump, also called impeller pump or pump, fire pump impeller on spin dynamic action of liquid, submerged pump continuously the energy transmitted to the liquid, the liquid kinetic energy (mainly) and pressure will increase, then through the pressure out of the room can converts kinetic energy into pressure, can divide again for centrifugal pump, axial flow pump, partial emission pump and vortex pump, etc.

(2) positive displacement pump, relying on the periodic change of the volume of the sealing working space containing liquid, the energy is transferred to the liquid periodically, so that the liquid pressure increases to the liquid forced discharge, according to the form of movement of the working element can be divided into reciprocating pump and rotary pump.

(3) Other types of pumps transfer energy in other forms. For example, the jet pump relies on high-speed jet working fluid to transport the fluid into the pump after mixing, momentum exchange to transfer energy; Diaphragm pump uses part of the water flowing during braking to be raised to a certain height to transfer energy; Electromagnetic pump is to make the electric liquid metal flow under the action of electromagnetic force to achieve transportation. In addition, the pump can also be classified by the nature of the conveying liquid, driving method, structure, use, etc.

What is a pump? Here's some knowledge for you.

What is a pump?最先出现在Pumps & Couplings。

Pump installation sequence: technical preparation → foundation acceptance → unpacking inspection → equipment lifting in place → primary leveling alignment → secondary irrigation impeller → fine leveling alignment → secondary grouting → centering of pump and motor jaw coupling → process pipeline installation → centering and stress review → trial preparation, single test → load test → delivery and acceptance.

Please note: if it is a large flow pump, the pump speed is very low, the reducer power is large. Low speed gear couplings are also available.

Precautions: The inside of the pipe connected to the device should be cleaned. The fixed welds should be far away from the equipment. No additional forces are allowed to be applied to the equipment. Temporary blind plates should be added to the inlet and outlet of the equipment, which can be removed after the pipes are blown clean. The flange spacing should be the minimum distance that can be put into the gasket smoothly. When the pipe is finally connected, the radial displacement should be monitored with a dial gauge on the coupling. When the rotational speed is less than 6000 RPM, the displacement is less than or equal to 0.05mm. When the speed is greater than 6000rpm, the displacement is less than or equal to 0.02mm. Otherwise, adjust the pipe.

When stainless steel gear pump inlet pipe system has reducer pipe, the pipe diameter ≥DN65 uses eccentric size head to prevent gas accumulation at reducer. The installation side of the reducing pipe is shown in the figure, that is, when the front elbow of the inlet flange is downward, the reducing pipe is flat on top; When the elbow is up, the bottom of the reducer is flat.

Site installation display: media from top to bottom

On-site installation display: media from bottom to top

Stainless steel pump inlet should be set up a section of not less than 3 times the pump inlet pipe diameter long straight pipe section, large pump should be 7 times the pump inlet pipe diameter above the straight pipe section, in order to make the liquid smoothly into the pump, avoid deflection and rotating flow, cause pump vibration and noise.

Stainless steel pump piping for the upper suction, do not have to consider the suction inlet requirements of the straight pipe section. Vertical pipe can be directly connected to the suction pipe mouth through elbow and reducing pipe, as short as possible.

When the inlet and outlet of the centrifugal pump are on the same vertical surface, in order to facilitate the installation of the valve, the inlet and outlet can be used to increase the distance between the inlet and outlet pipes by eccentric reducing pipe or two 45° elbow.

Pump outlet and deep protection pipeline design:

Pump outlet should not be directly connected to the elbow. Drain valve between the cut-off valve and check valve at the pump outlet. The pump outlet pressure gauge is installed on the nipple between the pump port and check valve, and can also be installed on the outlet reducer. Pressure gauge nozzle should have a root valve, pressure gauge head toward the operating surface.

Protection pipeline of pump -- pre-hot wire: when the temperature of pre-hot wire conveying medium is greater than 200℃, to avoid the rapid influx of high-temperature liquid into the pump to be operated when switching hot oil pump. So that the pump body, impeller heat uneven damage or deformation, resulting in the fixed part and rotating part of the stuck phenomenon, so that the need to set up a pre-hot line, so that the outage of the pump to maintain the starting state, in order to switch at any time.

The protection pipeline of the pump

small flow line: when the working flow of the pump is less than 30% of the rated flow of the pump, it will produce a force perpendicular to the axis - radial thrust. Moreover, because the pump operates at low efficiency, the liquid temperature of the inlet part rises high, the steam pressure increases, and cavitation is easy to occur. In order to prevent cavitation, the small flow line should be set up for the normal operation of the pump at the lowest flow rate.

Pump protection pipeline

balance line: for conveying liquid in bubble point state under normal temperature saturated steam pressure high dry atmospheric pressure liquid, in order to prevent the liquid into the pump to produce steam or bubble into the pump to cause cavitation, generally appropriate balance line. The balance line is the gas phase from the pump inlet to the suction tank (tower).

Pump protection pipeline

Bypass line: start the high lift pump, the outlet valve unilateral pressure is too large, not easy to open, if forced to open, there will be damage to the valve stem, valve seat risk. A bypass line with a limited orifice plate is set before and after the outlet valve for easy opening. At the same time, the bypass line can reduce the vibration and noise of the pipeline.

Pump inlet and outlet pipeline design最先出现在Pumps & Couplings。

FPZ Enhanced polypropylene corrosion resistant self-priming pump, the selection of high quality enhanced polypropylene material. Country of origin: CHINA. High mechanical strength, strong corrosion resistance, pump cavity with suction chamber, liquid storage chamber, liquid return check chamber, reflux hole. Add liquid before first use. When working: Mechanical seals do not need cooling. Easy to operate.

FPZ Chemical self-priming centrifugal pump Model Description:

50FPZ-22 L
50: pump inlet diameter
F: Corrosion resistance
P: reinforced polypropylene
Z: Self-priming
22：Head 22M
L：pump and motor use flexible jaw shaft coupling joint.

FPZ Centrifugal Pump Performance data sheet：

FPZ Chemical self-priming centrifugal pump最先出现在Pumps & Couplings。

FP reinforced polypropylene chemical centrifugal pumps are mechanical seals. Place of origin:CHINA. The introduction of advanced technology and technical formula, the use of CFR-PP (reinforced polypropylene), modified ABS (engineering plastic) material. Advanced structure, light weight, small size, long life and so on. Widely used in chemical, food, pharmaceutical, papermaking, environmental protection, water treatment and other departments. Transport acid, alkali, salt and other corrosive liquids.

FP Centrifugal Pump Product features:

FP type enhanced polypropylene chemical centrifugal pump high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance. High technology content, low price. Widely used in chlorine, alkali, chemical, pharmaceutical, electroplating, machinery, environmental protection, food, water treatment, Marine breeding and other fields.
Enhanced polypropylene RPP material acid resistant centrifugal pump suitable for -14℃ - 80℃ inorganic liquid. Especially suitable for hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, concentrated acid and other liquids.

Product use:

FP type enhanced polypropylene chemical centrifugal pump can be widely used in chemical industry, food, brewing, pharmaceutical, electroplating, papermaking, environmental protection, water treatment and other departments, transport acid, alkali, salt and other corrosive liquids.

FP Reinforced Polypropylene Centrifugal Pump Model meaning

For example:

50FP-22-D C

50: Pump inlet 50mm (2 inch)
FP:Reinforced polypropylene (PP)
22: Pump head 22M
D: Monoblock type.
C: pump and motor use jaw coupling type.

Product data:

FP Reinforced Polypropylene Centrifugal Pump最先出现在Pumps & Couplings。

According to the gear pump selection principles and basic conditions, the specific operation is as follows:

1: Gear Pump Installation arrangement

According to the arrangement of the device, terrain conditions, water level conditions, operating conditions. Determine the choice of horizontal, vertical and other types. Such as (pipe type, submersible, liquid type, non-blocking, self-priming, gear type, etc.) gear pump.

2: Nature of liquid medium

According to the nature of liquid medium, determine water gear pump, hot water gear pump or stainless steel gear pump or corrosion resistant gear pump or impurity gear pump. Or the use of non-blocking gear pump.

The gear pump installed in the explosion area should adopt the corresponding explosion-proof motor according to the explosion area grade.

3: Flow size

According to the flow size, determine the single suction gear pump or double suction gear pump. According to the head height, choose single-stage gear pump or multi-stage gear pump. High speed gear pump or low speed gear pump (air conditioning gear pump). High speed gear pump ought to use high speed jaw shaft coupling. Multi-stage gear pump efficiency is lower than single-stage gear pump. Such as single-stage gear pump and multi-stage gear pump can also be used, first choose single-stage gear pump.

4: Characteristic Curve of Gear Pump

Determine the specific type of the gear pump, make sure to choose what series gear pump, can according to the maximum flow. (when there is no maximum flow, usually the normal flow of 1.1 times the maximum flow), take up 5% - 10% allowance after the head of the two main parameters. The performance of the spectrum chart or series of characteristic curve to determine the specific models. The operation is as follows:

Using gear pump characteristic curve, find the flow on abscissa values, find the head on the ordinate, upward from the two values, respectively. And lead to the right vertical or horizontal line, two line intersection point lies squarely on the characteristic curve. Then the gear pump is to choose the gear pump. But this ideal is generally very few, often meet with the following two conditions:

Conditions

(1) Intersection above the characteristic curve, which shows that the flow meets the requirements. But the head is not enough, at this time, if the head is similar, or 5% or so, can still be selected. If the head difference is a lot, then choose the larger head gear pump. Or try to reduce line resistance losses.

(2): Intersection point below the characteristic curve, in the gear pump characteristic curve fan trapezoid range, the model is initially set, and then according to the head difference, to determine whether to cut the impeller diameter.

If the head difference is very small, do not cut, if the head difference is very large, according to the required Q, H. According to the cutting formula, cutting impeller diameter, if the intersection does not fall in the fan trapezoid range, should be selected with small head gear pump. Gear pump selection. Sometimes must consider the production process requirements, the selection of different shapes q-H characteristic curve.

5: Determined gear pump selection model

After the type of gear pump is determined, the water gear pump or the physical and chemical medium of the transmission medium is nearly like water gear pump. And then to the relevant product catalog or sample, according to the model performance table or performance curve correction. To see whether the normal working point falls in the priority working area of the gear pump.

6: Viscosity

For the conveying viscosity is greater than 20mm²/s of the liquid gear pump (or density is greater than 1000kg/m3). Be sure to convert the water experimental gear pump characteristic curve into the viscosity (or the density) of the performance curve, especially to the absorption energy and input power carefully calculated or core. For liquids with viscosity greater than 1000cst, the pump must be equipped with a gear motor to reduce speed.

7: Pumps Number of units and reserve rate

Determine the number of gear bitumen pump and reserve rate: For normal operation of the gear pump. Usually only one. Because a big gear pump with the parallel operation of two small gear pump, (the head and flow rate is the same). Big gear pump efficiency is higher than the small gear pump, therefore, from energy saving point of view would rather choose a big gear pump. Instead of two small gear pump. But in case any of the following circumstances, can consider to two sets of gear pump in parallel cooperation:

Flow is very large, a gear pump can not reach the flow.

For the need to have 50% of the reserve rate of large gear pump, can be changed to two smaller gear pump work, two standby (a total of three).

For some large gear pumps, can choose 70% flow requirements of the gear pump parallel operation, no spare gear pump. In a gear pump maintenance, another gear pump is still responsible for 70% of the production of transport.

The need for 24 hours of continuous operation of the gear pump, should be standby three gear pumps, a running, a standby, a maintenance.

8: Choose the basic conditions of gear pump

Under normal circumstances, customers can submit their "basic conditions of gear pump". By the pump manufacturing enterprises to give the selection or recommend better gear pump products. If the design institute in the design of equipment, gear pump type has been determined, according to the requirements of the design institute configuration.

Gear pump selection to consider the work pressure, flow, speed. Quantitative or variable, variable way, volume efficiency, total efficiency, life and prime mover type, noise, pressure pulsation rate, self-priming ability. Also consider the compatibility with hydraulic oil, coupling type, size, weight, etc. These factors, some have been written in the product sample or technical data, to carefully study. Unclear place is best to consult regular gear pump manufacturers related gear pump selection manual content.

Principle of gear pump selection最先出现在Pumps & Couplings。

Gear pump is suitable for conveying medium temperature ≤170℃. Heavy oil, fuel oil, mechanical oil and other lubricating oil with a viscosity not more than 100mm²/s and other oils with similar properties. Generally used in petroleum, chemical, mechanical engineering and other occasions.

Gear pump classification

1. According to the form of gear meshing, it can be divided into external gear type and internal gear type.
2. According to tooth profile curve, it can be divided into involute tooth type and cycloid type.
3. According to the form of tooth surface can be divided into: straight gear type (2CY gear pump), helical gear type (KCB gear pump), herringbone gear type, arc gear surface gear (YCB gear pump)
4. According to the number of meshing gear, it can be divided into two gear type and multiple gear type
5. according to the material: cast iron, cast steel or stainless steel gear pump.

6. According to the gear series can be divided into: single-stage gear pump and multi-stage gear pump

Gear pump is simple in structure, convenient in processing, small in size, light in weight, and has strong self-priming ability, insensitive to oil pollution and other characteristics. So it is widely used. China's gear pump industry has two major competitive advantages: on the one hand, it has a low-cost competitive advantage; On the other hand, the rapid growth of domestic construction, petroleum. Petrochemical and environmental protection markets and major water diversion projects also provide important support for the development of pump industry. China's continuous growth of the market space is the prerequisite for the domestic gear pump industry to maintain advantages.

However, radial force imbalance, flow pulsation, noise, not easy to repair after wear and other shortcomings. So that the scope of use of gear pump is limited. Can't be used as variable pump.

Gear pump structural characteristics

1. Good self-priming performance.
2. Suction and discharge direction completely depends on the rotation direction of the pump shaft.
3. pump flow is not large, continuous, but there is a pulse, noise; The pulsation rate is in the range of 11%~27%. Its ununiformity is related to the number and shape of gears. The ununiformity of helical gears is smaller than that of spur gears, and the ununiformity of herringbone gears is smaller than that of helical gears. The fewer the number of teeth, the higher the pulsation rate is.
4. Theoretical flow rate is determined by the size and speed of the working parts, and has nothing to do with the discharge pressure; The discharge pressure is related to the load pressure.
5. Simple structure, low price, less wearing parts (no need to set suction valve), impact resistance, reliable work, can be directly connected with the motor (no need to set gear motor).
6. Friction surface, should not be discharged containing solid particles of liquid, should be discharged oil.

Gear pump is divided into two kinds of external engagement and internal engagement. The former is simple in structure, cheap in price and widely used; The latter manufacturing complex, less use, but because of its small size, light weight, uniform flow, high efficiency, long life. So suitable for some compact volume requirements, light weight requirements of the machine (such as aircraft). In order to improve the flow uniformity and operation stability of the pump, spiral gear or miter gear can be used, and the structure can be made into a single stage pump, double stage pump or double pump.

Compared with vane pump, plunger pump, gear pump efficiency is lower, oil suction height is generally not more than 500mm. Because the efficiency is low, the pressure is not too high, the flow is not large, so it is used for medium speed, the force is not large in the simple hydraulic system, sometimes also used as auxiliary hydraulic pump. General engineering machinery, mining machinery, agricultural machinery and machine tools and other industries can be used.

Gear pump classification and structural characteristics最先出现在Pumps & Couplings。

Couplings are the most commonly used connecting part in shaft system transmission of mechanical products.

Its function is to connect the two axes to rotate together to transfer torque and motion. The relative displacement of two connected axes is compensated to improve the transfer dynamic characteristics.
The scope of application covers many fields. Variety, large use. With the progress of science and technology, the types of mechanical products increase, and the performance of continuous improvement. In order to adapt to different working conditions, the coupling with different characteristics is required to achieve the desired effect.

Couplings function

Machine consists of four main parts: power machine - transmission - working machine - controller.
Coupling is used to connect the two shafts or shafts and the rotating body, in order to transfer motion and torque as the basic function of the general parts.

Coupling (Figure 1-1) two half couplings. 1 and 2 are fixedly mounted on the main and driven shafts with shaft hub connection.
Fittings 3, 4, 5, 6 (rigid body, elastomer) connect the two semi-couplings. Rigid coupling and flexible coupling.

The former only connects two shafts to transfer motion and torque, and does not have other functions. With metal or non-metallic elastic element connecting two and a half coupling, respectively called flexible coupling with metal elastic element non-metallic flexible coupling of elastic element. They take advantage of deformation of the elastic element to compensate for the relative offset of two axis, at the same time with different degree of shock absorption, buffer, and improve the function of the transmission system operating characteristics. Can play the role of overload safety protection is called safety coupling. All couplings can be joined or separated only by assembly and disassembly under shutdown.

Figure 1-1 Limited flexible diaphragm coupling

1/2: main/driven half coupling 5: middle segment 3/4: input/output end sheath 6: diaphragm, bolt group
In order to facilitate the design and selection of coupling, China has formulated GB/T12458-2003 "mechanical coupling classification" national standard. According to the classification standard, its classification has the following five levels:

1) Category: couplings are divided into four categories according to whether they have the compensation function and safety protection function of relative offset of two axes.
2) Group: the coupling is divided into three groups according to the relative offset principle of compensating two axes.
3) variety: the coupling is divided into varieties and named according to different working principles, structures, materials and characteristics. For example: gear coupling, diaphragm coupling, tire coupling…
4) Form: according to the connection, installation, matching, safety, lubrication and other needs of the same kind of coupling structure under the premise of the same, from the basic type of different forms.
5) Specifications: according to the size of the coupling and the nominal torque Tn that it can transfer for a long time, order by Arabic numbers from small to large. Their categories, groups, varieties and models are coded with their Chinese phonetic alphabet.

Couplings function最先出现在Pumps & Couplings。